Stitch-free seaming technologies were first used in intimate apparel as a means of joining fabrics over elastics in bras and to keep seams as flat as possible for a smooth appearance and comfort. Success in intimate apparel and the benefits of weight reduction, a slim profile and increased water resistance, caught the attention of outerwear manufacturers. Today, stitch-free seaming technologies are extensively used in performance apparel and sportswear, fitted active wear, such as running or cycling apparel, where there is a major need for smooth feel when worn next to the skin in order to minimize the possibility of cha?ng.